Underemployment

Lowest underemployment rates were in North and South Dakota
Underemployment was 21% or higher in five states in 2011 -- California, Florida, Nevada, Mississippi, and Michigan. It was lowest -- in the 6% to 11.9% range -- in North and South Dakota.

Underemployment is 18.7%, up from 18.3% in December
U.S. unemployment, as measured by Gallup without seasonal adjustment, increased slightly to 8.6% in January from 8.5% in December. Underemployment increased more sharply as a higher number of part-time workers sought full-time work.

Each result is based on a monthly aggregate
Gallup's Job Creation Index is the net of Gallup's Job Market measure, subtracting the percentage of workers who say their employer is letting people go and reducing the size of its workforce from the percentage who say their employer is hiring new workers and expanding the size of its workforce. Monthly results are based on telephone interviews with approximately 17,000 working adults; margin of error is ±1 percentage point.

Each result is based on a quarterly aggregate
Gallup's Job Creation Index is the net of Gallup's Job Market measure, subtracting the percentage of workers who say their employer is letting people go and reducing the size of its workforce from the percentage who say their employer is hiring new workers and expanding the size of its workforce. Quarterly results are based on telephone interviews with approximately 50,000 working adults; margin of error is ±1 percentage point.

Each result is based on a weekly aggregate
Gallup tracks daily the percentage of employed Americans who, based on what they know or have seen, report that their company or employer is hiring new people and expanding the size of its workforce, not changing the size of its workforce, or letting people go and reducing the size of its workforce. Weekly results are based on telephone interviews with approximately 4,000 working adults; Margin of error is ±1 percentage points.

Each result is based on a monthly aggregate
Gallup tracks daily the percentage of employed Americans who, based on what they know or have seen, report that their company or employer is hiring new people and expanding the size of its workforce, not changing the size of its workforce, or letting people go and reducing the size of its workforce. Monthly results are based on telephone interviews with approximately 17,000 working adults; Margin of error is ±1 percentage point.

Each result is based on a quarterly aggregate
Gallup tracks daily the percentage of employed Americans who, based on what they know or have seen, report that their company or employer is hiring new people and expanding the size of its workforce, not changing the size of its workforce, or letting people go and reducing the size of its workforce. Quarterly results are based on telephone interviews with approximately 50,000 working adults; Margin of error is ±1 percentage point.

Each result is based on a monthly aggregate; not seasonally adjusted
Gallup tracks daily the percentage of U.S. adults in the workforce, ages 18 and older, who are underemployed, unemployed, and employed full-time for an employer, without seasonal adjustment. "Underemployed" respondents are employed part time, but want to work full time, or they are unemployed. "Unemployed" respondents are those within the underemployed group who are not employed, even for one hour a week, but are available and looking for work. Respondents "Employed Full Time for an Employer" are those who are employed by an employer for at least 30 hours per week. Monthly results reflect an average of the calendar month, based on telephone interviews with approximately 30,000 adults. Because results are not seasonally adjusted, they are not directly comparable to numbers reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, which are based on workers 16 and older. Margin of error is ± 1 percentage point.

Each result is based on a quarterly aggregate; not seasonally adjusted
Gallup tracks daily the percentage of U.S. adults in the workforce, ages 18 and older, who are underemployed, unemployed, and employed full-time for an employer, without seasonal adjustment. "Underemployed" respondents are employed part time, but want to work full time, or they are unemployed. "Unemployed" respondents are those within the underemployed group who are not employed, even for one hour a week, but are available and looking for work. Respondents "Employed Full Time for an Employer" are those who are employed by an employer for at least 30 hours per week. Quarterly results for each quarter are based on telephone interviews with approximately 90,000 adults. Because results are not seasonally adjusted, they are not directly comparable to numbers reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, which are based on workers 16 and older. Margin of error is ± 1 percentage point.

Underemployment is 18.1%, down slightly from 18.3% in December
U.S. unemployment, as measured by Gallup without seasonal adjustment, is 8.3% in mid-January -- a slight improvement from 8.5% in December. This implies the government may report another drop in unemployment for January.

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